Context
Microorganisms, like bacteria, fungi, archaea, algae, protozoa, and viruses, known as microbes, play a critical role in many different phenomena. They are involved in climate change, nutrient cycling, biodegradation and diseases. In biotechnology, microbes can be used in a wide range of fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry to produce drugs, the environmental sector to help manage pollution and the food industry for food processing. The major goals of microbiology research are to decipher the mechanisms by which microorganisms affect health and diseases, as well as finding new applications to them.